Researchers have developed an artificial saliva mouthwash that could help prevent severe tooth decay in people undergoing treatment for head and neck cancer.
The innovation, created by scientists at the University of São Paulo, uses a modified protein known as CANECPI-5, derived from sugarcane, to form a protective coating over the teeth. According to findings published in the Journal of Dentistry, the coating acts as a shield for tooth enamel, reducing damage caused by acids from food, drinks and even the stomach.
Patients receiving radiation therapy around the head and neck often suffer damage to their salivary glands, leading to a sharp drop in saliva production. Since saliva plays a key role in controlling harmful bacteria and protecting teeth, its absence can result in rapid tooth decay and other serious oral health problems.
The study was carried out through a collaboration involving researchers from Brazil’s Federal University of São Carlos, the University of California in San Francisco, and Yonsei University College of Dentistry in South Korea. It forms part of a broader project led by Professor MarÃlia Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf of the University of São Paulo, focused on reducing tooth mineral loss.
During laboratory experiments, scientists applied the CANECPI-5 mouthwash once daily to sections of animal teeth. Results showed that the protein bonded directly to enamel and significantly slowed demineralisation, a process in which teeth lose essential minerals and become vulnerable to cavities.
Further tests revealed that the artificial saliva was most effective when combined with fluoride and xylitol. In this combination, researchers observed a noticeable reduction in bacterial activity and enamel breakdown.
Natara Dias Gomes da Silva, the study’s lead author, said the process allows the protein to attach firmly to the tooth surface, increasing resistance to acids produced by bacteria. Professor Buzalaf explained that the product is the first to use the concept of the acquired pellicle — a natural protective film that forms on teeth — to address xerostomia, or chronic dry mouth.
She added that artificial saliva can ease dryness and mouth sores while also limiting bacterial growth, noting that some patients may need such products temporarily, while others may rely on them permanently due to irreversible loss of saliva production.
The researchers noted that there is currently no specialised product designed to prevent radiation-related tooth decay in head and neck cancer patients, making the findings particularly significant.
A patent for the CANECPI-5 protein has already been filed, and the next phase involves partnering with industry to scale up production for wider clinical use. Further studies will also examine how the protein interacts with other substances when delivered in different forms, including gels and dissolvable oral films.
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